/** @file
  Ia32-specific functionality for DxeLoad.

Copyright (c) 2006 - 2023, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.<BR>
Copyright (c) 2017, AMD Incorporated. All rights reserved.<BR>

SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause-Patent

**/

#include "DxeIpl.h"
#include "VirtualMemory.h"

#define IDT_ENTRY_COUNT  32

typedef struct _X64_IDT_TABLE {
  //
  // Reserved 4 bytes preceding PeiService and IdtTable,
  // since IDT base address should be 8-byte alignment.
  //
  UINT32                     Reserved;
  CONST EFI_PEI_SERVICES     **PeiService;
  X64_IDT_GATE_DESCRIPTOR    IdtTable[IDT_ENTRY_COUNT];
} X64_IDT_TABLE;

//
// Global Descriptor Table (GDT)
//
GLOBAL_REMOVE_IF_UNREFERENCED IA32_GDT  gGdtEntries[] = {
  /* selector { Global Segment Descriptor                              } */
  /* 0x00 */ {
    { 0,      0, 0, 0,   0, 0, 0, 0,   0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }
  },                                                                      // null descriptor
  /* 0x08 */ {
    { 0xffff, 0, 0, 0x2, 1, 0, 1, 0xf, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0 }
  },                                                                      // linear data segment descriptor
  /* 0x10 */ {
    { 0xffff, 0, 0, 0xf, 1, 0, 1, 0xf, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0 }
  },                                                                      // linear code segment descriptor
  /* 0x18 */ {
    { 0xffff, 0, 0, 0x3, 1, 0, 1, 0xf, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0 }
  },                                                                      // system data segment descriptor
  /* 0x20 */ {
    { 0xffff, 0, 0, 0xa, 1, 0, 1, 0xf, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0 }
  },                                                                      // system code segment descriptor
  /* 0x28 */ {
    { 0,      0, 0, 0,   0, 0, 0, 0,   0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }
  },                                                                      // spare segment descriptor
  /* 0x30 */ {
    { 0xffff, 0, 0, 0x2, 1, 0, 1, 0xf, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0 }
  },                                                                      // system data segment descriptor
  /* 0x38 */ {
    { 0xffff, 0, 0, 0xa, 1, 0, 1, 0xf, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0 }
  },                                                                      // system code segment descriptor
  /* 0x40 */ {
    { 0,      0, 0, 0,   0, 0, 0, 0,   0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }
  },                                                                      // spare segment descriptor
};

//
// IA32 Gdt register
//
GLOBAL_REMOVE_IF_UNREFERENCED CONST IA32_DESCRIPTOR  gGdt = {
  sizeof (gGdtEntries) - 1,
  (UINTN)gGdtEntries
};

GLOBAL_REMOVE_IF_UNREFERENCED  IA32_DESCRIPTOR  gLidtDescriptor = {
  sizeof (X64_IDT_GATE_DESCRIPTOR) * IDT_ENTRY_COUNT - 1,
  0
};

/**
  Allocates and fills in the Page Directory and Page Table Entries to
  establish a 4G page table.

  @param[in] StackBase  Stack base address.
  @param[in] StackSize  Stack size.

  @return The address of page table.

**/
UINTN
Create4GPageTablesIa32Pae (
  IN EFI_PHYSICAL_ADDRESS  StackBase,
  IN UINTN                 StackSize
  )
{
  UINT8                           PhysicalAddressBits;
  EFI_PHYSICAL_ADDRESS            PhysicalAddress;
  UINTN                           IndexOfPdpEntries;
  UINTN                           IndexOfPageDirectoryEntries;
  UINT32                          NumberOfPdpEntriesNeeded;
  PAGE_MAP_AND_DIRECTORY_POINTER  *PageMap;
  PAGE_MAP_AND_DIRECTORY_POINTER  *PageDirectoryPointerEntry;
  PAGE_TABLE_ENTRY                *PageDirectoryEntry;
  UINTN                           TotalPagesNum;
  UINTN                           PageAddress;
  UINT64                          AddressEncMask;

  //
  // Make sure AddressEncMask is contained to smallest supported address field
  //
  AddressEncMask = PcdGet64 (PcdPteMemoryEncryptionAddressOrMask) & PAGING_1G_ADDRESS_MASK_64;

  PhysicalAddressBits = 32;

  //
  // Calculate the table entries needed.
  //
  NumberOfPdpEntriesNeeded = (UINT32)LShiftU64 (1, (PhysicalAddressBits - 30));

  TotalPagesNum = NumberOfPdpEntriesNeeded + 1;
  PageAddress   = (UINTN)AllocatePageTableMemory (TotalPagesNum);
  ASSERT (PageAddress != 0);

  PageMap      = (VOID *)PageAddress;
  PageAddress += SIZE_4KB;

  PageDirectoryPointerEntry = PageMap;
  PhysicalAddress           = 0;

  for (IndexOfPdpEntries = 0; IndexOfPdpEntries < NumberOfPdpEntriesNeeded; IndexOfPdpEntries++, PageDirectoryPointerEntry++) {
    //
    // Each Directory Pointer entries points to a page of Page Directory entires.
    // So allocate space for them and fill them in in the IndexOfPageDirectoryEntries loop.
    //
    PageDirectoryEntry = (VOID *)PageAddress;
    PageAddress       += SIZE_4KB;

    //
    // Fill in a Page Directory Pointer Entries
    //
    PageDirectoryPointerEntry->Uint64       = (UINT64)(UINTN)PageDirectoryEntry | AddressEncMask;
    PageDirectoryPointerEntry->Bits.Present = 1;

    for (IndexOfPageDirectoryEntries = 0; IndexOfPageDirectoryEntries < 512; IndexOfPageDirectoryEntries++, PageDirectoryEntry++, PhysicalAddress += SIZE_2MB) {
      if (  (IsNullDetectionEnabled () && (PhysicalAddress == 0))
         || (  (PhysicalAddress < StackBase + StackSize)
            && ((PhysicalAddress + SIZE_2MB) > StackBase)))
      {
        //
        // Need to split this 2M page that covers stack range.
        //
        Split2MPageTo4K (PhysicalAddress, (UINT64 *)PageDirectoryEntry, StackBase, StackSize, 0, 0);
      } else {
        //
        // Fill in the Page Directory entries
        //
        PageDirectoryEntry->Uint64         = (UINT64)PhysicalAddress | AddressEncMask;
        PageDirectoryEntry->Bits.ReadWrite = 1;
        PageDirectoryEntry->Bits.Present   = 1;
        PageDirectoryEntry->Bits.MustBe1   = 1;
      }
    }
  }

  for ( ; IndexOfPdpEntries < 512; IndexOfPdpEntries++, PageDirectoryPointerEntry++) {
    ZeroMem (
      PageDirectoryPointerEntry,
      sizeof (PAGE_MAP_AND_DIRECTORY_POINTER)
      );
  }

  //
  // Protect the page table by marking the memory used for page table to be
  // read-only.
  //
  EnablePageTableProtection ((UINTN)PageMap, FALSE);

  return (UINTN)PageMap;
}

/**
  The function will check if IA32 PAE is supported.

  @retval TRUE      IA32 PAE is supported.
  @retval FALSE     IA32 PAE is not supported.

**/
BOOLEAN
IsIa32PaeSupport (
  VOID
  )
{
  UINT32   RegEax;
  UINT32   RegEdx;
  BOOLEAN  Ia32PaeSupport;

  Ia32PaeSupport = FALSE;
  AsmCpuid (0x0, &RegEax, NULL, NULL, NULL);
  if (RegEax >= 0x1) {
    AsmCpuid (0x1, NULL, NULL, NULL, &RegEdx);
    if ((RegEdx & BIT6) != 0) {
      Ia32PaeSupport = TRUE;
    }
  }

  return Ia32PaeSupport;
}

/**
  The function will check if page table should be setup or not.

  @retval TRUE      Page table should be created.
  @retval FALSE     Page table should not be created.

**/
BOOLEAN
ToBuildPageTable (
  VOID
  )
{
  if (!IsIa32PaeSupport ()) {
    return FALSE;
  }

  if (IsNullDetectionEnabled ()) {
    return TRUE;
  }

  if (PcdGet8 (PcdHeapGuardPropertyMask) != 0) {
    return TRUE;
  }

  if (PcdGetBool (PcdCpuStackGuard)) {
    return TRUE;
  }

  if (IsEnableNonExecNeeded ()) {
    return TRUE;
  }

  return FALSE;
}

/**
   Transfers control to DxeCore.

   This function performs a CPU architecture specific operations to execute
   the entry point of DxeCore with the parameters of HobList.
   It also installs EFI_END_OF_PEI_PPI to signal the end of PEI phase.

   @param DxeCoreEntryPoint         The entry point of DxeCore.
   @param HobList                   The start of HobList passed to DxeCore.

**/
VOID
HandOffToDxeCore (
  IN EFI_PHYSICAL_ADDRESS  DxeCoreEntryPoint,
  IN EFI_PEI_HOB_POINTERS  HobList
  )
{
  EFI_STATUS                       Status;
  EFI_PHYSICAL_ADDRESS             BaseOfStack;
  EFI_PHYSICAL_ADDRESS             TopOfStack;
  UINTN                            PageTables;
  X64_IDT_GATE_DESCRIPTOR          *IdtTable;
  UINTN                            SizeOfTemplate;
  VOID                             *TemplateBase;
  EFI_PHYSICAL_ADDRESS             VectorAddress;
  UINT32                           Index;
  X64_IDT_TABLE                    *IdtTableForX64;
  EFI_VECTOR_HANDOFF_INFO          *VectorInfo;
  EFI_PEI_VECTOR_HANDOFF_INFO_PPI  *VectorHandoffInfoPpi;
  BOOLEAN                          BuildPageTablesIa32Pae;

  //
  // Clear page 0 and mark it as allocated if NULL pointer detection is enabled.
  //
  if (IsNullDetectionEnabled ()) {
    ClearFirst4KPage (HobList.Raw);
    BuildMemoryAllocationHob (0, EFI_PAGES_TO_SIZE (1), EfiBootServicesData);
  }

  Status = PeiServicesAllocatePages (EfiBootServicesData, EFI_SIZE_TO_PAGES (STACK_SIZE), &BaseOfStack);
  ASSERT_EFI_ERROR (Status);

  if (FeaturePcdGet (PcdDxeIplSwitchToLongMode)) {
    //
    // Compute the top of the stack we were allocated, which is used to load X64 dxe core.
    // Pre-allocate a 32 bytes which conforms to x64 calling convention.
    //
    // The first four parameters to a function are passed in rcx, rdx, r8 and r9.
    // Any further parameters are pushed on the stack. Furthermore, space (4 * 8bytes) for the
    // register parameters is reserved on the stack, in case the called function
    // wants to spill them; this is important if the function is variadic.
    //
    TopOfStack = BaseOfStack + EFI_SIZE_TO_PAGES (STACK_SIZE) * EFI_PAGE_SIZE - 32;

    //
    //  x64 Calling Conventions requires that the stack must be aligned to 16 bytes
    //
    TopOfStack = (EFI_PHYSICAL_ADDRESS)(UINTN)ALIGN_POINTER (TopOfStack, 16);

    //
    // Load the GDT of Go64. Since the GDT of 32-bit Tiano locates in the BS_DATA
    // memory, it may be corrupted when copying FV to high-end memory
    //
    AsmWriteGdtr (&gGdt);
    //
    // Create page table and save PageMapLevel4 to CR3
    //
    PageTables = CreateIdentityMappingPageTables (BaseOfStack, STACK_SIZE, 0, 0);

    //
    // End of PEI phase signal
    //
    PERF_EVENT_SIGNAL_BEGIN (gEndOfPeiSignalPpi.Guid);
    Status = PeiServicesInstallPpi (&gEndOfPeiSignalPpi);
    PERF_EVENT_SIGNAL_END (gEndOfPeiSignalPpi.Guid);
    ASSERT_EFI_ERROR (Status);

    //
    // Paging might be already enabled. To avoid conflict configuration,
    // disable paging first anyway.
    //
    AsmWriteCr0 (AsmReadCr0 () & (~BIT31));
    AsmWriteCr3 (PageTables);

    //
    // Update the contents of BSP stack HOB to reflect the real stack info passed to DxeCore.
    //
    UpdateStackHob (BaseOfStack, STACK_SIZE);

    SizeOfTemplate = AsmGetVectorTemplatInfo (&TemplateBase);

    Status = PeiServicesAllocatePages (
               EfiBootServicesData,
               EFI_SIZE_TO_PAGES (sizeof (X64_IDT_TABLE) + SizeOfTemplate * IDT_ENTRY_COUNT),
               &VectorAddress
               );
    ASSERT_EFI_ERROR (Status);

    //
    // Store EFI_PEI_SERVICES** in the 4 bytes immediately preceding IDT to avoid that
    // it may not be gotten correctly after IDT register is re-written.
    //
    IdtTableForX64             = (X64_IDT_TABLE *)(UINTN)VectorAddress;
    IdtTableForX64->PeiService = GetPeiServicesTablePointer ();

    VectorAddress = (EFI_PHYSICAL_ADDRESS)(UINTN)(IdtTableForX64 + 1);
    IdtTable      = IdtTableForX64->IdtTable;
    for (Index = 0; Index < IDT_ENTRY_COUNT; Index++) {
      IdtTable[Index].Ia32IdtEntry.Bits.GateType   =  0x8e;
      IdtTable[Index].Ia32IdtEntry.Bits.Reserved_0 =  0;
      IdtTable[Index].Ia32IdtEntry.Bits.Selector   =  SYS_CODE64_SEL;

      IdtTable[Index].Ia32IdtEntry.Bits.OffsetLow  = (UINT16)VectorAddress;
      IdtTable[Index].Ia32IdtEntry.Bits.OffsetHigh = (UINT16)(RShiftU64 (VectorAddress, 16));
      IdtTable[Index].Offset32To63                 = (UINT32)(RShiftU64 (VectorAddress, 32));
      IdtTable[Index].Reserved                     = 0;

      CopyMem ((VOID *)(UINTN)VectorAddress, TemplateBase, SizeOfTemplate);
      AsmVectorFixup ((VOID *)(UINTN)VectorAddress, (UINT8)Index);

      VectorAddress += SizeOfTemplate;
    }

    gLidtDescriptor.Base = (UINTN)IdtTable;

    //
    // Disable interrupt of Debug timer, since new IDT table cannot handle it.
    //
    SaveAndSetDebugTimerInterrupt (FALSE);

    AsmWriteIdtr (&gLidtDescriptor);

    DEBUG ((
      DEBUG_INFO,
      "%a() Stack Base: 0x%lx, Stack Size: 0x%x\n",
      __func__,
      BaseOfStack,
      STACK_SIZE
      ));

    //
    // Go to Long Mode and transfer control to DxeCore.
    // Interrupts will not get turned on until the CPU AP is loaded.
    // Call x64 drivers passing in single argument, a pointer to the HOBs.
    //
    AsmEnablePaging64 (
      SYS_CODE64_SEL,
      DxeCoreEntryPoint,
      (EFI_PHYSICAL_ADDRESS)(UINTN)(HobList.Raw),
      0,
      TopOfStack
      );
  } else {
    //
    // Get Vector Hand-off Info PPI and build Guided HOB
    //
    Status = PeiServicesLocatePpi (
               &gEfiVectorHandoffInfoPpiGuid,
               0,
               NULL,
               (VOID **)&VectorHandoffInfoPpi
               );
    if (Status == EFI_SUCCESS) {
      DEBUG ((DEBUG_INFO, "Vector Hand-off Info PPI is gotten, GUIDed HOB is created!\n"));
      VectorInfo = VectorHandoffInfoPpi->Info;
      Index      = 1;
      while (VectorInfo->Attribute != EFI_VECTOR_HANDOFF_LAST_ENTRY) {
        VectorInfo++;
        Index++;
      }

      BuildGuidDataHob (
        &gEfiVectorHandoffInfoPpiGuid,
        VectorHandoffInfoPpi->Info,
        sizeof (EFI_VECTOR_HANDOFF_INFO) * Index
        );
    }

    //
    // Compute the top of the stack we were allocated. Pre-allocate a UINTN
    // for safety.
    //
    TopOfStack = BaseOfStack + EFI_SIZE_TO_PAGES (STACK_SIZE) * EFI_PAGE_SIZE - CPU_STACK_ALIGNMENT;
    TopOfStack = (EFI_PHYSICAL_ADDRESS)(UINTN)ALIGN_POINTER (TopOfStack, CPU_STACK_ALIGNMENT);

    PageTables             = 0;
    BuildPageTablesIa32Pae = ToBuildPageTable ();
    if (BuildPageTablesIa32Pae) {
      PageTables = Create4GPageTablesIa32Pae (BaseOfStack, STACK_SIZE);
      if (IsEnableNonExecNeeded ()) {
        EnableExecuteDisableBit ();
      }
    }

    //
    // End of PEI phase signal
    //
    PERF_EVENT_SIGNAL_BEGIN (gEndOfPeiSignalPpi.Guid);
    Status = PeiServicesInstallPpi (&gEndOfPeiSignalPpi);
    PERF_EVENT_SIGNAL_END (gEndOfPeiSignalPpi.Guid);
    ASSERT_EFI_ERROR (Status);

    if (BuildPageTablesIa32Pae) {
      //
      // Paging might be already enabled. To avoid conflict configuration,
      // disable paging first anyway.
      //
      AsmWriteCr0 (AsmReadCr0 () & (~BIT31));
      AsmWriteCr3 (PageTables);
      //
      // Set Physical Address Extension (bit 5 of CR4).
      //
      AsmWriteCr4 (AsmReadCr4 () | BIT5);
    }

    //
    // Update the contents of BSP stack HOB to reflect the real stack info passed to DxeCore.
    //
    UpdateStackHob (BaseOfStack, STACK_SIZE);

    DEBUG ((
      DEBUG_INFO,
      "%a() Stack Base: 0x%lx, Stack Size: 0x%x\n",
      __func__,
      BaseOfStack,
      STACK_SIZE
      ));

    //
    // Transfer the control to the entry point of DxeCore.
    //
    if (BuildPageTablesIa32Pae) {
      AsmEnablePaging32 (
        (SWITCH_STACK_ENTRY_POINT)(UINTN)DxeCoreEntryPoint,
        HobList.Raw,
        NULL,
        (VOID *)(UINTN)TopOfStack
        );
    } else {
      SwitchStack (
        (SWITCH_STACK_ENTRY_POINT)(UINTN)DxeCoreEntryPoint,
        HobList.Raw,
        NULL,
        (VOID *)(UINTN)TopOfStack
        );
    }
  }
}